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The Epic Interactive Encyclopedia 1998
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Epic Interactive Encyclopedia, The - 1998 Edition (1998)(Epic Marketing).iso
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INFOTEXT
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1992-09-01
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1. In biological classification, a group of
related families. For example, the horse,
rhinoceros, and tapir families are grouped in
the order Perissodactyla, the odd-toed
ungulates, because they all have either one
or three toes on each foot. The names of
orders are not shown in italic (unlike genus
and species names) and by convention they
have the ending `-formes' in birds and fish;
`-a' in mammals, amphibians, reptiles, and
other animals; and `-ales' in fungi and
plants. Related orders are grouped together
in a class.
2. In classical architecture, the column
(including capital, shaft, and base) and the
entablature, considered as an architectural
whole. The five orders are Doric, Ionic,
Corinthian, Tuscan, and Composite. The
earliest order was the Doric (which had no
base), which originated before the 5th
century BC, soon followed by the Ionic, which
was first found in Asia Minor. The Corinthian
(with leafs in the capitals) dates from the
end of the 5th century BC, while the
Composite appears first on the arch of Titus
in Rome AD 82. No Tuscan columns survive from
antiquity, although the order was thought to
originate in Etruscan times. The five orders
were described in detail by the Italian
Sebastiano Serlio in his treatise on
architecture 1537.